Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) is an iconic fish species and one of the most significant fishery resources in Australia and New Zealand. At a national scale, annual commercial catches of Snapper ranged between 1,500 and 2,400 t from 1960 to 2011, before declining significantly thereafter, reaching a record low of 430 t in 2021. The most severe declines were observed in South Australia, which resulted in the implementation of extensive fishery closures for most of the State that have been in effect since 2019. There are similarities in the underlying factors responsible for the declines in fishery productivity among Snapper stocks throughout Australia, which primarily relate to its population biology and life history. That is, highly variable inter-annual recruitment, sensitivity to changing environmental conditions, and aggregating behaviour. The Snapper Science Program is a three-year, $5 million initiative by the SA Government and FRDC to address these key research priorities. The program involves 12 projects in three Research Themes – biology and ecology, estimates of biomass, and monitoring and assessment. Given the similar challenges faced by researchers and managers throughout Australia, the Snapper Science Program represents a collaborative and consolidated approach to support the recovery and responsible utilisation of Australia’s Snapper resources.