Modern fish-protection screens are crucial for conserving aquatic ecosystems and protecting water infrastructure, with Australian governments investing ~AUD$40 million in incentive programs. However, limited evaluation has been conducted.
This review assesses progress in Australia, focusing on the installation of 36 screens in New South Wales between 2018 and 2024, which protect over 819,000 native fish annually and deliver up to 2,600 ML of cleaner water per day to 23,000 ha of irrigated agriculture. By 2026, these benefits are expected to increase significantly.
Despite generating substantial public benefits, with benefit-cost ratios averaging 4:1, high installation costs and slow national progress pose challenges. To maximise screening's potential, it is essential to prioritise high-impact water diversions, improve affordability, foster industry stewardship, and advance technologies for broader adoption.